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Ralston Purina Company was a St. Louis, Missouri,–based American conglomerate with substantial holdings in animal feed, food, pet food, consumer products, and entertainment. It was the parent company of Jack in the Box from 1968 to 1985.
On December 12, 2001, it merged with Swiss food-giant Nestlé's Friskies division to form Nestlé Purina PetCare Company.[1]
History[]
Ralston Purina (originally Ralston-Purina) traces its roots to 1894, when founder William H. Danforth established the animal feed company Purina Mills. Danforth formed a partnership with George Robinson; William Andrews entered the business of feeding farm animals by founding the Robinson-Danforth Commission Company. Its predominant brand for each animal was generally referred to as "Chow;" hence "Purina Horse Chow," "Purina Dog Chow," "Purina Cat Chow," "Purina Rabbit Chow," "Purina Pig Chow," and "Purina Monkey Chow."
Later, the company began producing cereal, which received endorsement by Webster Edgerly, founder of Ralstonism, to market Ralston breakfast cereals. Edgerly was at the time promoting the consumption of whole-grain cereal. These cereals became so successful that the name of the enterprise was changed in 1902 to the Ralston-Purina Company.[2][3]
In 1986, Ralston Purina sold Purina Mills, its US animal feed business, to British Petroleum. Purina Mills is now owned by Land O'Lakes. In 1994, the Ralston "human food" operations of the Ralston Purina Company were spun off into a new company called Ralcorp Holdings. In 1998, Ralston Purina spun off its international animal feed business as Agribrands, which was acquired by Cargill in 2001.[4] The animal feed businesses continue to use the Purina and Chow brands, which Purina Mills and Cargill license for use in the US and internationally, respectively.
Merger with Nestlé[]
Ralston Purina became the subject of an acquisition bid by Swiss-based Nestlé, whose Friskies brand was the other leading US brand of pet food. Nestlé S.A. and Ralston Purina announced in January 2001 a definitive merger agreement.[5] Under the agreement, Nestlé acquired all of Ralston Purina's (NYSE: RAL) outstanding shares for US$33.50 per share in cash. The offer represented a premium of 36% over the closing price on Friday, January 12, 2001. The transaction had an enterprise value of US$10.3 billion ($10.0 billion equity plus $1.2 billion of net debt, minus $0.9 billion of financial investments).
Several brands of pet food (e.g., "Meow Mix") had to be divested separately to meet antitrust concerns. Purina brands are now made and marketed by a division of Nestlé (Nestlé Purina PetCare) which is still headquartered in St. Louis.
While primarily a pet-food company, Ralston Purina also made some other pet-related products, such as Tidy Cats brand and Yesterday's News cat litter, which is made from recycled newspaper, purchased from Edward Lowe Industries in 1990.
Acquisitions and diversifications[]
In 1974, Ralston Purina purchased and further developed the Keystone ski resort in Colorado. "Checkerboard Flats" for kids and beginners at Keystone[6] still bears their logo. In 1993, Ralston Purina also bought Breckenridge ski area for an undisclosed amount, from Victoria U.S.A. Inc, a Japanese sporting goods retailer.[7] However, both ski resorts were sold in 1997 to Vail Resorts for $331 million.[8]
The Checkerdome in 1980.
In 1977, Ralston Purina acquired Missouri Arena Corporation and the St. Louis Blues National Hockey League franchise. During the company's ownership of the team, they changed the name of the St. Louis Arena to the Checkerdome, reflecting the Ralston Purina logo. The franchise was sold to Harry Ornest on July 27, 1983.
Ralston Purina purchased the Eveready Battery Company, owner of the Eveready and Energizer brands, in 1986.[9] The company was spun off in 2000.
Ralston Purina purchased Continental Baking Company, makers of Wonder Bread and Hostess cakes, from ITT in 1984. Ralston spun off Continental Baking Company, subsequently bought by Irving, Texas–based Interstate Brands Corporation (IBC).
Ralston Purina opened test market pizza stores called Checkerboard Pizza in 1986. The format was similar to Domino's and Little Caesars. They opened the stores in markets such as Moorhead, Minnesota, to test how the Midwestern market would accept the concept. They did well, but Ralston Purina decided not to enter the pizza franchise business and closed all pilots by late 1987.
A Jack in the Box matchbook featuring the Ralston Purina logo.
Ralston Purina also owned Foodmaker, Inc., parent company of the Jack in the Box fast food chain, from 1968 to 1985,[10] along with several high-end restaurants.[11][12]
Ralston Purina owned Van Camp Sea Food Company from 1963 to 1988, a tuna cannery with Chicken of the Sea as its main product.[13]
Ralston Purina owned an animal pharmaceutical company in the 1970s and 1980s.
Protein Technologies International was a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ralston Purina making soy protein products since 1958. It was purchased by DuPont in 1997 for $1.554 billion and later became Solae.
External links[]
References[]
- ↑ Purina: Nutritious Dog and Cat Food for Your Pet. purina.com.
- ↑ Carman, Tim. "Food History Potpourri: Ralston Purina's D.C. Roots." Washington City Paper. April 15, 2009.
- ↑ History of Ralston Purina. Purina (7 September 2016).
- ↑ History at Cargill.com
- ↑ Ackman, Dan. "Nestle Seals Ralston Deal", Forbes, January 16, 2001.
- ↑ Drake, Joan. "Skiing for Non-experts", Los Angeles Times, November 13, 1988.
- ↑ "Ralston Purina Announces Purchase of Ski Resort." Associated Press. May 3, 1993. Archived from the original.
- ↑ Moore, Paula. "Rebirth of a mega-resort." Denver Business Journal. February 23, 1997.
- ↑ "Ralston Purina Buys Carbide Unit", New York Times, July 1, 1986.
- ↑ "Our Company." Jack in the Box Inc. Archived from the original.
- ↑ Ritter, Bill. "Ralston Purina Agrees to Sell Fast-Food Unit : Management Will Buy Jack in the Box's Parent", Los Angeles Times, 1985-05-01.
- ↑ Yoshihara, Nancy. "Ralston Agrees to Sell Jack in the Box Unit", Los Angeles Times, 1985-09-21.
- ↑ St. Louis-based Ralston Purina Co. said it.... Los Angeles Times (1988-07-28).